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Friday, February 15, 2019

The 1860s Farmer

Typical 1860s farm scene

They are my 3rd great-grandparents; and, by any standard, then or now, they were very successful farmers. 
Stiles and Nancy Newhouse Hanks
Stiles Hanks (1795-1863) and his wife Nancy Ann Newhouse Hanks (1797-1878) were the typical farming couple of the 1860s who started out in Virginia and ended in Ohio. They had nine children: seven sons and two daughters. At least five of the sons became farmers, and one of the daughters married a farmer. The Hanks family were part of the 58 percent of the labor force who were farmers in the mid-1800s.

Stiles Hanks served during the War of 1812. One would be led to believe that this war occurred only during 1812. However, the war lasted from 1812 to 1815. Stiles served in 1813 with the 56th (Taylor’s) Regiment of the Virginia Militia as a private. This regiment was comprised of men all from Loudoun County where Stiles, his parents, and his five siblings were all born and residing. Loudoun County is located in the northern tip of Virginia.

Loudoun County, VA
On September 18, 1817, Stiles and Nancy were married in Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Virginia. Not long thereafter, per the 1820 U.S. census, we find the Hanks family in Muskingum County, Ohio. One the “perks” of being a military veteran at this time period was the land bounty.

The land bounty granted veterans land for homesteading purposes – this was prior to the
Muskingum County, OH
1862 Homestead Act. In order to receive a land patent on the homestead, Stiles had to live on the land for a minimum number of years, farm the land, build a home. On July 28, 1828, Stiles received his land patent for this homestead. 

The Hanks farm developed into a prosperous enterprise. Stiles and his family lived during a time of technological innovation in the agricultural field resulting in increased production with less man hours per acre.
1860s Farm Equipment (left to right): Gang Plow, Seed Planter, Sulky Plow

By the time of the 1860 U.S. census, farmers had experienced the introduction of the grain reaper, improved self-governing windmills, sulky plows and gang plows, grain drills, horsepower, and the Mason jar for preserving food. The 1860 U.S. Agricultural Census reveals Stiles Hanks status as a farmer. Here is the inventory of his assets list in 1860 dollars followed with the 2015-dollar value.

  • Cash value of farm - $4,440 – 2015, $126,806
  • Value of implements & machinery - $200 – 2015, $5,712
  • Value of 5 horses & 6 swine - $700 – 2015, $19,992
  • Value of orchard products - $40 – 2015, $1,142
  • Value of slaughtered animals - $40 – 2015, $1,142

The total dollars are $5,420 then; $154,794 in 2015 values. These values do not take into account the 9 milk cows, 14 “other” cattle, 60 sheep, 20 bushels of wheat, 500 bushels of Indian corn, 200 pounds of wool, 10 bushels of Irish potatoes, 24 bushels of buckwheat, 400 pounds of butter, and 10 tons of hay.

I have tried to find out the 1860 values of some of the above items; I could not find 1860 values for
Typical 1860s farm wife's dress
buckwheat or hay. Here’s what I did find:

  •  9 milk cows - $234 – today, $6,683
  • 14 “other” cattle - $476 – today, $13,595
  • 60 sheep - $255 – today, $7,283
  • 20 bushels wheat - $20 – today, $583
  • 500 bushels Indian corn - $14,000 – today, $50,800
  • 200 pounds wool - $907 – today, $25,908
  • 10 bushels Irish potatoes - $6 – today, $171
  • 400 pounds butter - $60 – today, $1,714


If these values are added to the previous totals, we get:  $21,379 then and in 2015, $610,555.

Ohio became a state in 1803. Stiles Hanks and his family became one of Ohio’s success stories. Stiles Hanks and Nancy Ann Newhouse Hanks are my adoptive mother’s 2nd great-grandparents.

Headstones - Stiles (left), Nancy (right) - as posted on Findagrave.com
 Note: Except for the portraits and headstones of Stiles and Nancy Hanks, all images are from Google Images.

Tuesday, February 5, 2019

Bridgewater Family Tragedy


Forrest C. Bridgewater (1899-1947); Harold L. Bridgewater, Sr. (1920-1946); and Harold L. Bridgewater, Jr. (1940-1956) are my cousins. They are, in relation to each other, father, son, and grandson, respectively. They all died in motor vehicle-related accidents.  It’s probably not unusual for a family to lose members of three generations within a short period of time. However, it does seem tragic that this family lost these three generations in three different vehicle accidents.
 
Morgan Canning Co. Trucks, 1940s
Both Harold Sr. and Forrest worked at Morgan Packing Company in Austin, Indiana. Harold was a mechanic, and Forrest was a truck driver. Austin, Indiana, is situated on Interstate 65 about 40 miles north of Louisville, Kentucky. The company was founded in 1899 and canned the area’s produce.

Harold Sr.
On August 26, 1946, Harold Sr., along with a co-worker, was getting ready to work on the lights for one of the truck trailers. The co-worker, Ralph Nolan, was in a truck cab backing up to connect with the trailer to pull it into the garage. According to the obituary, all of the company trailers were parked “about eighteen inches apart. When Nolan started to hook onto the trailer, he thought Bridgewater was behind the trailer.” However, he was not. He was standing between two trailers – one which was to be connected to the cab and the other only 18 inches away. Harold Sr. was standing there for the purpose of raising the “dollie” wheels on which the trailer was resting. As Nolan was backing up, the trailer and cab were not lined up properly. So, when the trailer arm tried to hook up with the cab, the trailer swung to one side trapping Laverne between the two trailers. His chest was crushed, and he died "instantly." [1]

Forest Bridgewater had been a truck driver for at least 27 years with the last 16 years at the Morgan
Forest Bridgewater
Packing Company. On May 22, 1947, just days short of nine months from the time his son Harold was killed, Forest died as a result of a vehicle accident. On May 21, Forest was driving his company truck. At some point in time, he struck a bridge abutment, and the truck caught fire. His burns were so severe that he was taken to three different hospitals before being able to get any help. Perhaps, this might account for his death on the following day, May 22. According to his death certificate, he died from “shock due to 2nd and 3rd degree burns over 75% of body surface.” [2]

On May 12, 1956, nine years after his grandfather’s death, Harold Jr., a passenger in a car driven by 17-year-old Phil Paulson, was “instantly killed” when the vehicle hit the abutment of a culvert.  A family source told me that he and his friend were on their way home from their junior prom. [3]

All of these deaths were certainly a tragedy for the Bridgewater family: Two of the deaths were sudden, but hopefully, not painful. The death of Forest would have been otherwise. And, for the wife and mother of Forest and Lavern Sr. - Frances Morgan Bridgewater (1899-1997) and the wife and mother of Lavern Sr. and Lavern Jr. - Marjorie Dismore Bridgewater (1917-1998), the deaths had to be difficult to deal with.

Forest is my 1st cousin 2x removed; Harold Sr., my 2nd cousin 1x removed; and Harold Jr., my 3rd cousin.

Note: Nancy Bridgewater Nichols, my 3rd cousin, provided the photos of Forest and Harold Sr.
[1] – “Harold L. Bridgewater Fatally Injured at Austin.” The Chronicle (Scottsburg, IN) 29 August 1946.
[2] – “Forest Bridgewater Suffers Fatal Burns When Gas Tank of Truck Explodes.” The Chronicle (Scottsburg, IN) 29 May 1947.
[3] – “Harold Bridgewater Dies in Auto Crash.” The Chronicle (Scottsburg, IN) 17 May 1956.